Maoinithe ag an Aontas Eorpach. Mar sin féin is tuairimí agus tuairimí an údair amháin nó na n-údar amháin iad na tuairimí agus na tuairimí a nochtar agus ní gá go léiríonn siad tuairimí an Aontais Eorpaigh nó na Gníomhaireachta Eorpaí Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais agus Cultúir (EACEA). Ní fhéadfar an tAontas Eorpach ná EACEA a chur i gcuntas astu. Uimhir an tionscadail: 2023-1-NL01-KA220-HED-000155675. can use during the learning process (e.g., for cognitive tasks, scaffolding) (Hwang et al., 2020). Automatic grading system An automatic grading system is a professional computer programme based on AI that simulates a teacher's behaviour to assign grades to student tasks in an educational setting. It evaluates student knowledge, analyses responses, provides feedback, and creates personalised training programmes. It is used in many AI education apps. The automatic grading systems provide the student with an evaluation score during his/her test. This method can assist teachers in better understanding their students' learning situations while students are more aware of their learning achievement and mastery of knowledge. Overall, these automatic grading systems can deal with the complexities of the teaching context and support students' learning process by giving them feedback and guidance (Limna et al., 2022; Yufeia et al., 2020). Automation The computer system automates tasks that typically require human intervention. By automating repetitive tasks like timetabling, attendance, and enrolment, schools and teachers can free up time for more meaningful interactions with students (European Commission, 2022). Bias Bias is the predisposition towards or against something that can manifest in AI systems in various ways. Data-driven AI, often built using machine learning, can inherit biases present in the training data. Logic-based AI, like rule-based systems, may reflect the biases of the knowledge engineer who defines the rules. Bias isn't always harmful; it can be beneficial in certain contexts. However, when it leads to discriminatory or unfair outcomes, it is a concern. It can arise unintentionally, due to limited exposure to diverse situations, or intentionally, if designed to favour a particular group. (European Commission, 2022)
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