Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them. Project number: 2023-1-NL01-KA220-HED-000155675. Case Study 3: Ensuring academic integrity and trust in online learning environments: A longitudinal study of an AI-Centered proctoring system in tertiary educational institutions. General information Fidas, C., Belk, M., Constantinides, A., Portugal, D., Martins, P., Pietron, A. M., Pitsillides, A., & Avouris, N. (2023). Ensuring academic integrity and trust in online learning environments: A longitudinal study of an AI-Centered proctoring system in tertiary educational institutions. Education Sciences, 13(6), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13060566 The research aimed to enhance the credibility of online examinations in HE by identifying scenarios/cases that threaten the credibility of online exams and proposing AI-driven solutions to address these threats. A longitudinal study involving stakeholders from three European HE institutions was conducted. Description of case The researchers designed and implemented an intelligent system titled TRUSTID. The system incorporates advanced biometric technologies for identity verification and continuous monitoring. Students first register their biometric data, such as facial and vocal characteristics, which TRUSTID continuously uses to verify the student's identity throughout the exam. The system is privacyfriendly, allowing students to securely control their personal biometric information. Additionally, TRUSTID monitors behavioural patterns and physical examination contexts, detecting unusual activities that may be related to cheating. This integrated system ensures that the same student remains throughout the test and supports examiners by offering real-time alerts and a secure, user-friendly interface for data security. Lessons learned The TRUSTID system, evaluated by stakeholders, showed resilience against impersonation attacks and received positive feedback in terms of usability and user experience. The system was robust in monitoring student behaviours and identifying anomalies, receiving positive feedback from students and instructors for its usability and ease of use. Privacy concerns were addressed with a privacypreserving biometric wallet, allowing secure control and sharing of biometric data. Overall, the TRUSTID system was well-received across various stakeholder groups, showing its potential applicability and effectiveness in maintaining academic integrity in online educational settings.
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